Response of anaerobes to methyl fluoride, 2-bromoethanesulfonate and hydrogen during acetate degradation

To use the selective inhibition method for quantitative analysis of acetate metabolism in methanogenic systems,the responses of microbial communities and metabolic activities,which were involved in anaerobic degradation of acetate,to the addition of methyl fluoride(CH3F),2-bromoethanesulfonate(BES)and hydrogen were investigated in a thermophilic batch experiment.Both the methanogenic inhibitors,i.e.,CH3F and BES,showed their effectiveness on inhibiting CH4 production,whereas acetate metabolism other than acetoclastic methanogenesis was stimulated by BES,as reflected by the fluctuated acetate concentration.Syntrophic acetate oxidation was thermodynamically blocked by hydrogen(H2),while H2-utilizing reactions as hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis and homoacetogenesis were correspondingly promoted.Results of PCR-DGGE fingerprinting showed that,CH3F did not influence the microbial populations significantly.However,the BES and hydrogen notably altered the bacterial community structures and increased the diversity.BES gradually changed the methanogenic community structure by affecting the existence of different populations to different levels,whilst H2 greatly changed the abundance of different methanogenic populations,and induced growth of new species.     

油田化学添加剂对污水处理系统腐蚀行为的影响

目的明确净水剂、絮凝剂、助凝剂、缓蚀剂对污水处理系统腐蚀行为的作用效果。方法通过工艺流程分析、腐蚀形貌观察、腐蚀产物成分分析、腐蚀失重测试等手段,分析污水处理系统腐蚀原因,考察油田化学添加剂对SSF污水处理系统腐蚀行为的影响。结果输送介质中溶解的二氧化碳、高浓度氯离子、氧是导致SSF净化装置内腐蚀的主要原因。分别添加质量浓度为150、0.3、60 mg/L的净水剂、絮凝剂、助凝剂后,动态腐蚀速率可从1.8544 mm/a降到0.6674、0.8627、0.3530 mm/a,静态腐蚀速率可从1.2515 mm/a降到0.9565、0.9474、0.6256 mm/a。添加160 mg/L缓蚀剂,动态腐蚀速率从1.8544 mm/a降低到0.0822 mm/a,静态腐蚀速率从1.2515 mm/a降低到0.0238 mm/a。同时添加净水剂、絮凝剂、助凝剂三种药剂,动态腐蚀速率为0.7672 mm/a,静态腐蚀速率为0.8742 mm/a;同时添加净水剂、絮凝剂、助凝剂、缓蚀剂四种药剂,动态腐蚀速率为0.3069 mm/a,静态腐蚀速率为0.0263 mm/a。结论添加缓蚀剂能有效控制SSF污水处理系统内腐蚀。污水处理用净水剂、絮凝剂、助凝剂对腐蚀有一定抑制作用。在动态条件下,净水剂、絮凝剂、助凝剂降低了缓蚀剂的缓蚀效果,在静态条件下,三种添加剂对缓蚀剂的缓蚀效果影响较小。     

Selective feticide of the affected twin by fetoscopic air embolism

Three twin pregnancies, each with one affected fetus (by microcephaly, haemophilia A and spina bifida respectively) were encountered. Selective feticide was performed at the patient's request by injection of filtered air into an umbilical vessel by fetoscopy. The method was successful in all three pregnancies two of which resulted in a live, healthy baby.     

爆炸法回收废旧轮胎实验研究

利用爆破法处理废旧轮胎,通过观察测量废旧轮胎爆破后的橡胶碎片量,考察了不同炸药对轮胎回收效果的影响。通过测量加入不同比例消焰剂的TNT爆破回收量,确定了最佳配比范围。研究表明,在TNT中加入消焰剂可有效提高轮胎爆破回收效果,消焰剂加入量10%~15%时效果最佳。     

蜂窝陶瓷催化臭氧化降解水中痕量硝基苯的机理研究

实验考察了HCO3-、CO32-、HPO42-、H2PO4-和叔丁醇等羟基自由基抑制剂存在条件下,单独臭氧氧化和臭氧/蜂窝陶瓷氧化对水中硝基苯降解效果的影响规律,初步推测了反应机理.结果表明,2种工艺对硝基苯的去除率都随着HCO3-浓度的增加(0～200 mg·L-1)先增高再降低,在浓度为50 mg·L-1时去除率达到最大值;单独臭氧氧化和臭氧/蜂窝陶瓷对硝基苯的去除率随着CO32-浓度的增加(0～20 mg·L-1)分别降低了16.57%和27.52%,随着HPO42-浓度的增加(0～12 mg·L-1)分别降低了13.61%和17.52%,随着H2PO4-浓度的增加(0～120 mg·L-1)分别降低了6.61%和12.52%,随着叔丁醇浓度的增加(0～10mg·L-1)硝基苯去除率降低了30.06%和46.09%.证明单独臭氧氧化和臭氧/蜂窝陶瓷氧化对硝基苯的降解遵循·OH氧化机理,叔丁醇更适合作为自由基抑制剂用来推断单独臭氧氧化和臭氧/蜂窝陶瓷氧化降解硝基苯的反应机理.单独臭氧氧化对硝基苯的去除率随着pH值的升高(3.02～10.96)而增大,臭氧/蜂窝陶瓷氧化对硝基苯的去除率在pH=9.23时达到最大值.     

Metal and oxalate contamination in a suburban watershed in the greater Toronto area: the benefits of combining acid leach and selective extraction procedures

Environmentally available concentrations of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr and Ni in soils and sediments from a small suburban catchment, obtained using an acid leach procedure, are compared to the Ontario Ministry of the Environment lowest effect level (LEL) and severe effect levels (SEL) and to Provincial sediment quality guidelines (PSQG's). These data are then compared to the bioavailability, potential bioavailability and non-bioavailability of the same metals, plus oxalate concentration, identified using a selective extraction procedure. This combination of techniques enhanced analytical interpretation with respect to metal mobility and potential metal contamination. Selective extraction highlighted the presence of oxalate as a potential contaminant, especially in poorly drained valley floor deposits (33,633 mg kg(-1) and 26,284 mg kg(-1)) and lakeshore sediments (27,095 mg kg(-1) and 13,729 mg kg(-1)). These levels are considerably in excess of those previously documented in a similar study from Rio de Janeiro, where contamination of urban sediment by sewage is a recognised environmental problem, and could possibly be used both as an indicator of similar contamination and the identification of those areas that warrant further investigation.     

DDS系列煤炭自燃阻化剂实验研究

为寻找高效阻化剂以防止煤炭自热引燃，在控温炉中对ＤＤＳ系列煤自燃阻化剂的阻化效果进行了实验研究，并与经前的阻化剂做了比较。实验采用烟煤作为试样，借助于著名的Ｆｒａｎｋ－Ｋａｍｅｎｅｔｓｋｉｉ模型，利用４，６，８和１０厘米立方体阻化煤磁地６０－２２０℃温度范围估测其氧化反应的活化能。     

浅谈气相防锈技术

简单地介绍了目前在金属防锈领域广泛应用的气相防锈技术的防锈机理和该技术的优点,重点介绍了当前所使用的气相防锈剂种类和气相防锈材料的现状,并对气相防锈塑料薄膜的优点和制作方法以及其发展趋势进行了分析,指出了国内气相防锈技术的差距和其良好的发展前景.     

天然海水中碳钢缓蚀剂吸附和阳极脱附行为的研究

以锌盐、葡萄糖酸盐为主要缓蚀成分复配的适用于天然海水中碳钢的高效缓蚀剂,采用极化曲线、循环伏安曲线和交流阻抗谱图分析了该缓蚀剂的阳极脱附行为.结果表明,碳钢在海水中的零电荷电位约为-0.6 V;缓蚀剂的吸附电位区间为-0.5～-0.8 V,缓蚀剂在该区间内存在特性吸附.当阳极极化电位超过-0.45 V时,极化电流迅速增大,缓蚀剂因发生大量脱附而失去对阳极过程的控制.     

用氧吸收速率(OUR)表征活性污泥硝化活性的研究

研究了用氧吸收速率（ＯｘｙｇｅｎＵｐｔａｋｅＲａｔｅ，简称ＯＵＲ）表征活性污泥硝化活性的方法．利用生物抑制剂丙烯基硫脲（ａｌｙｌｔｈｉｏｕｒｅａ，简称ＡＴＵ）和氯酸钠（ＮａＣｌＯ３）可以选择性地抑制亚硝酸细菌和硝酸细菌的活性．通过测量不同时间的ＯＵＲ，可以分别计算出污泥的亚硝化活性和硝化活性．结果表明：该方法的测量结果与实际反应器中的硝化反应情况相当一致．该方法简单易行，快速方便，适用于硝化系统中硝化活性的测量．